What we know about the deadly train crash in Spain

• A high-speed train crash near Toledo killed at least 68 people and injured dozens. A Renfe train hit a stopped Iryo train on the Madrid-Seville route.
• Spain’s transport minister called the traffic control decision “inexplicable”. Audio suggests operators let the Iryo train resume “normal speed” and did not warn the Renfe driver.
• Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said Spain must reinforce rail safety. The crash may affect the election campaign after two other fatal train accidents this year.

TOLEDO, Spain – A high-speed passenger train rear-ended another on Oct 28 near Toledo, Spain, killing at least 68 people and injuring dozens of others, according to local emergency officials.

It was one of the deadliest train crashes in the country’s history.

The crash comes months after another deadly train crash in southern Spain that involved the same carriers, killing 46 people in January.

The accident on Oct 28 was the third fatal train crash in Spain in 2026, adding to deep concern about the safety of the country’s extensive rail system.

What happened?

Around 9am (4pm Singapore time), a train belonging to the private rail operator Iryo was stopped on the tracks near Toledo when a train operated by Spain’s national rail company, Renfe, barrelled into it.

Both trains were covering the route between Madrid, the capital, and the southern city of Seville.

Oscar Puente, Spain’s transportation minister, said in a news conference that the crash appeared to result from what he called an “inexplicable” decision by traffic control operators to tell the Renfe train to continue its journey when the other train was stopped farther along the tracks.

Spanish newspaper El Pais in the evening on Oct 28 obtained audio of exchanges between the conductors and the operators in Madrid, in which the operator authorised the driver of the Iryo train to resume “normal speed”.

But seven minutes later, the Iryo driver reported she could not restart the train. The Madrid operators apparently did not tell the driver of the Renfe train that it needed to brake.

Passengers involved in the crash told local news outlets that the impact tossed people around cabins. Some crawled out of windows and lay in a nearby field, where local workers, who had heard the crash, rushed to help them.

Video filmed inside one of the train cars and verified by The New York Times showed smoke rising from a charred, mangled carriage on the slope by the rail line.

In the afternoon on Oct 28, the trains were surrounded by ambulances, police cars and fire trucks, with helicopters flying low overhead. Dozens of Civil Guard officers, some wearing white protective suits, were inspecting the scene.

Both trains appeared to have sustained substantial damage, according to images from the scene. The nose of the Renfe train, which was travelling to Seville, appeared destroyed. Three rear carriages of the Iryo train appeared to have been derailed, two of them overturned.

More than 50 people were injured in the crash, according to local officials. Some 397 passengers were aboard the Renfe train and about 150 aboard the Iryo train, local news outlets reported.

How are officials responding?

Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez travelled to the scene of the crash on Oct 28.

“It’s not possible for a country like Spain to suffer two high-speed train accidents in one year,” he said, adding that while the Oct 28 accident and a fatal January crash on the same line seemed unrelated, Spanish rail’s security systems clearly needed to be reinforced.

With national elections set for the end of November, the crash has the potential to become an issue in an already bitter campaign, in which opponents have attacked the competence of the left-wing government of Sanchez.

“I am very concerned about the information we are receiving regarding another train accident,” conservative opposition leader Alberto Nunez Feijoo wrote on social media.

“The priority now is to assist the victims and support their families. My full support goes to the emergency teams working on the ground.”

What is Spain’s history with train collisions?

The collision on Oct 28 came months after a deadly collision involving the same carriers that killed 46 people.

In that accident, in January, a train belonging to Iryo derailed near the town of Adamuz as it travelled north toward Madrid from Malaga. Two of its rear cars fell onto the opposite track and were struck by a south-bound train operated by Renfe.

An official report on what caused that accident is not yet completed, but preliminary investigations pointed to a broken rail as the likely cause.

In 2013, 80 people were killed when a high-speed train carrying more than 200 passengers derailed near Santiago de Compostela in north-west Spain and slammed into a concrete wall.

The driver of the train admitted to speeding before the accident and was also on a call with a railway official before the crash.

The accident on Oct 28 was the third fatal crash in Spain in 2026. Days after the accident in January, a commuter train near Barcelona struck a collapsed retaining wall and derailed, killing one person. NYTIMES

• This article originally appeared in The New York Times.