US court hears fight over looming US ban on TikTok

The US Supreme Court has begun hearing arguments over the legality of a statute that would ban or force the sale of TikTok by 19 January in the United States in a case that pits free speech rights against national security concerns over the widely used short-video app owned by Chinese company ByteDance.

TikTok and ByteDance, as well as some users who post content on the app, have challenged a law passed by Congress with strong bipartisan support last year and signed by outgoing Democratic President Joe Biden, whose administration is defending it in the case.

A lower court rejected the argument made by the law's challengers that it violates the US Constitution's First Amendment protection against government abridgment of free speech.

The Supreme Court's consideration of the case comes at a time of rising trade tensions between the world's two biggest economies. Republican Donald Trump, due to begin his second term as president on 20 January, opposes the ban.

Noel Francisco, a lawyer for TikTok and ByteDance, told the justices that the app is one of the most popular speech platforms for Americans.

Mr Francisco said the real target of the law "is the speech itself - this fear that Americans, even if fully informed, could be persuaded by Chinese misinformation. That, however, is a decision that the First Amendment leaves to the people."

"In short, this act should not stand," Mr Francisco said of the law.

Mr Francisco cited Mr Trump's stance on the case.

Mr Trump on 27 December called on the Supreme Court to put a hold on the 19 January deadline for divestiture to give his incoming administration "the opportunity to pursue a political resolution of the questions at issue in the case".

Mr Francisco asked the justices to, at a minimum, put a temporary hold on the law, "which will allow you to carefully consider this momentous issue and, for the reasons explained by the president-elect, potentially moot the case".

The Supreme Court was weighing competing concerns - about free speech rights and about the national security implications of a social media platform with foreign owners that collects data from a domestic user base of 170 million Americans, about half the US population.

Conservative Chief Justice John Roberts pressed Mr Francisco on TikTok's Chinese ownership and the findings of Congress.

"Are we supposed to ignore the fact that the ultimate parentis, in fact, subject to doing intelligence work for the Chinese government?" Mr Roberts asked. "It seems to me that you're ignoring the major concern here of Congress - which was Chinese manipulation of the content and acquisition and harvesting of the content."

The Justice Department has said TikTok poses a grave threat to US national security because of the risk that China could use this immense trove of data on Americans for espionage or blackmail, or secretly manipulate content that they view on the app to serve its interests.

The platform's powerful algorithm feeds individual users short videos tailored to their liking. TikTok has said that the ban would hit its user base, advertisers, content creators and employee talent. TikTok has 7,000 US employees.

Passage of the law imperils not only the First Amendment rights of both TikTok and its users but "the entire nation," according to the challengers in the case. The platform represents "one of the most significant speech platforms in America," TikTok and ByteDance said in a filing, adding that the law is "at war with the First Amendment".

The challengers are supported by several free speech and libertarian advocacy groups. While Mr Trump has vowed to "save" the platform, many of his Republican allies support the ban.

The Justice Department has said the law targets control of the app by a foreign adversary, not protected speech, and that TikTok could continue operating as-is if it is freed from China's control.

'Powerful tool for espionage'

No one disputes that China "seeks to undermine US interests by amassing sensitive data about Americans and engaging in covert and malign influence operations," the department told the court in a filing, calling the app "a powerful tool for espionage".

TikTok, ByteDance and the app users, seeking an injunction to halt the ban, are appealing the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit's 6 December ruling upholding the law.

The Supreme Court has a 6-3 conservative majority including three justices appointed by Mr Trump during his first term as president.