Jaishankar–Xi Jinping Meeting Marks Key Shift in India–China Diplomatic Dialogue

In a significant diplomatic move aimed at rebuilding ties between two of Asia’s most powerful nations, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar met Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing on Thursday. The meeting, held on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) ministerial gathering, marks the highest-level engagement between India and China since the border standoff in eastern Ladakh began in May 2020. Jaishankar conveyed greetings from Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Droupadi Murmu, emphasising the importance of “continued leadership guidance” in strengthening the bilateral relationship. The interaction signals cautious optimism amid ongoing efforts to normalise ties and navigate complex geopolitical terrain.

Resetting Relations: De-escalation, Trade & Terrorism

During meetings with Chinese Vice President Han Zheng and Foreign Minister Wang Yi, Jaishankar reiterated India’s stand on the need for de-escalation at the border, underscoring that peace and tranquility are the foundation for any meaningful bilateral progress. The External Affairs Minister stressed that competition should not lead to conflict, and that differences must not become disputes. Jaishankar expressed concern over China’s restrictive trade practices and called for easing of economic roadblocks that hinder Indian industries, especially the auto sector which has been impacted by China’s restrictions on rare earth magnets.

He also raised the issue of terrorism, making a veiled reference to Pakistan by urging the SCO to uphold its zero-tolerance policy on terrorism, separatism, and extremism. Jaishankar said India hopes the SCO will act firmly on its anti-terror mandate.

The talks also included cooperation on transboundary rivers, with Jaishankar requesting the resumption of hydrological data sharing by China. The ministers agreed to enhance people-to-people engagement and explore ways to increase direct connectivity and exchange.

Xi-Modi Meet: Kazan Summit Rekindled Hope

Jaishankar’s meeting with Xi follows the high-profile interaction between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Xi Jinping at the BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia, in October 2024. That encounter set the tone for a new phase in India-China relations, with both sides agreeing on key de-escalation mechanisms and communication channels to avoid further conflict along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Chinese Vice President Han Zheng recalled this Kazan meet, stating it brought ties to a “new starting point.” Jaishankar echoed this sentiment, noting that the last nine months have seen steady progress in bilateral relations, with strategic engagements and de-escalation steps paving the way for greater stability.

The Kazan summit also facilitated high-level engagements: National Security Advisor Ajit Doval, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, and Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri have all visited China since. These efforts underscore Delhi’s intent to resolve border friction while fostering broader cooperation across economic and strategic fronts.

Cultural Revival: Resumption of Kailash Mansarovar Yatra

One of the notable highlights of this renewed diplomatic outreach is the resumption of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra after a five-year hiatus. Jaishankar thanked the Chinese leadership for facilitating the yatra’s return, which is of profound spiritual and cultural significance to millions of Indians. The pilgrimage had been halted due to the pandemic and rising border tensions.

The reopening of this historic pilgrimage route is symbolic of a thaw in India-China relations and a broader willingness to normalise people-centric engagements. The Ministry of External Affairs noted that this year marks the 75th anniversary of India-China diplomatic ties, and initiatives like the Kailash Yatra serve as bridges that help heal geopolitical wounds.

A Cautious but Constructive Reset

The Jaishankar-Xi meeting is a strong signal that India and China are willing to rebuild trust through high-level diplomatic engagement and sustained dialogue. While the path ahead remains fraught with challenges—notably unresolved border issues and trade barriers—both nations appear ready to explore avenues for cooperation underpinned by mutual respect and shared interests. The emphasis on resuming cultural exchanges, easing border tensions, and fostering economic ties suggests a multi-pronged strategy to stabilise relations. As Jaishankar said, “Stable and constructive ties between India and China are not only to our benefit but that of the world as well.”

With strategic clarity and continued leadership guidance, the two Asian giants now have an opportunity to move forward with measured optimism and a shared vision of peace, prosperity, and mutual growth.