Key details on Trump's market-shaking tariffs

A fresh “baseline tariff” of 10% will apply to economies around the world, with steeper rates tailored to those that Washington deemed as bad actors. But there are some exemptions

After weeks of anticipation, U.S. President Donald Trump unveiled sweeping new tariffs on trading partners Wednesday (April 2, 2025), calling it a "declaration of economic independence."

A fresh "baseline tariff" of 10% will apply to economies around the world, with steeper rates tailored to those that Washington deemed as bad actors. But there are some exemptions.

What are the details of Trump's latest announcement?

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New tariffs

A 10% "baseline tariff" kicks in at 12:01 am (0401 GMT) on April 5, while elevated rates for those the White House deemed "the worst offenders" take effect at 12:01 am (0401 GMT) on April 9.

The steeper additional tariffs impact major U.S. trading partners, with the European Union facing a 20% rate and China a 34% figure.

For China, the number stacks on an added 20% levy Mr. Trump imposed earlier this year over its alleged role in the illicit fentanyl supply chain, taking the new additional figure to 54%.

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Other key partners include India with a 26% added rate, South Korea at 25% and Japan at 24%.

Mr. Trump said: "For nations that treat us badly, we will calculate the combined rate of all their tariffs, non-monetary barriers and other forms of cheating."

The numbers, he said, are "approximately half of what they are and have been charging us."

Exclusions

Some goods like copper, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, lumber, gold, energy and "certain minerals" will not be subject to reciprocal tariffs unveiled Wednesday (April 2, 2025), according to a White House fact sheet.

Major U.S. partners Canada and Mexico are not hit by the new tariffs either, U.S. officials added.

Mr. Trump earlier imposed 25% tariffs on imports from both countries, with a lower rate on Canadian energy, and they will continue to face these duties.

Goods entering the world's biggest economy under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement will still be exempted.

Should Canada and Mexico reach deals on the levies, however, they will come up against Mr. Trump's latest baseline rate.

The White House also said that the latest country-based tariffs do not stack atop of sector-specific ones, like those already applied to imports of steel and aluminium.

Cuba, Belarus, North Korea, and Russia are not subject to Mr. Trump's new "reciprocal tariffs" as they are already facing sanctions which "preclude any meaningful trade," the White House said.

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Other tariffs

On Thursday (April 3, 2025), new 25% tariffs on imported autos will also kick in, bringing fresh challenges to the industry.

Mr. Trump earlier imposed 25% charges on steel and aluminium imports too, which will be expanded to impact canned beer and empty aluminium cans from Friday (April 4, 2025).

He has ordered probes into imports of copper and lumber as well, which could lead to further duties.

White House officials said Wednesday (April 2, 2025) that Mr. Trump is mulling similar moves on semiconductors, pharmaceuticals and possibly critical minerals in the future.

Separately, a 25% levy on goods from countries importing Venezuelan oil can take place from April 2. Mr. Trump has threatened a similar "secondary tariff" on Russian oil.

Also Read | Asian markets slip following Trump’s announcements of big tariff hikes

Small parcels

On Wednesday (April 2, 2025), Mr. Trump separately ordered an end to a duty-free exemption for small parcels from China, a move likely to severely disrupt the import of popular low-cost products.

The rule has faced heavy scrutiny as U.S. officials pointed to the growth of Chinese-founded online retailers Shein and Temu as a factor behind a surge of shipments using the exemption.

Products imported under the "loophole" from China would be subject to a duty rate of either 30% of their value or $25 per item, increasing to $50 per item after June 1. The policy shift kicks in May 2, according to Mr. Trump's executive order.

Published - April 03, 2025 07:54 am IST